article · Environmental Science and Pollution Research
Magnetite-based photocatalysts offer a viable approach to wastewater remediation, specifically for dye degradation, when paired with techno-economic assessment. These materials exhibit specific structural and chemical properties across diverse synthesis methods that determine their photocatalytic efficacy in homogeneous and heterogeneous environments. Performance can be enhanced through targeted operational strategies, including the suppression of electron-hole recombination and the reduction of interference caused by scavenging effects, ions, and humic acid. Practical deployment relies heavily on catalyst recovery, regeneration, and the reuse of treated effluent within industrial processes. Incorporating techno-economic analysis provides the financial framework necessary to assess feasibility, connecting the economic potential of marketing treated water and cutting industrial pollution with broad sustainable development targets.
Industrial wastewater poses significant environmental hazards, yet the cost of advanced remediation often prevents widespread adoption. Evaluating magnetic photocatalysts alongside financial and operational models bridges the gap between laboratory effectiveness and practical reality. Clarifying catalyst recovery, regeneration, and industrial water reuse enables industries to pursue cleaner production while meeting environmental regulations and broader sustainability benchmarks.
This approach applies to industrial wastewater management, particularly for operations producing dye-rich effluents seeking water reuse solutions. Incorporating techno-economic analysis assists industrial users and project developers in determining whether magnetic photocatalytic systems are financially viable. Based on the review of synthesis, interference management, and economic feasibility, the technology is positioned at an early to intermediate development stage prior to commercial plant implementation.
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Herein, we explore the holistic integration of magnetite-based photocatalysts and techno-economic analysis (TEA) as a sustainable approach in wastewater treatment aligned with the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). While considerable attention has been devoted to photocatalytic dye degradation, the nexus between these processes and techno-economic considerations remains relatively unexplored. The review comprehensively examines the fundamental characteristics of magnetite-based photocatalysts, encompassing synthesis methods, composition, and unique properties. It investigates their efficacy in photocatalytic degradation, addressing homogeneous and heterogeneous aspects while discussing strategies to optimize photodegradation efficiency, including curbing electron-hole recombination and mitigating scavenging effects and interference by ions and humic acid. Moreover, the management aspects of magnetite-based photocatalysts are examined, focusing on their reusability and regeneration post-dye removal, along with the potential for reusing treated wastewater in relevant industrial applications. From a techno-economic perspective, the study evaluates the financial feasibility of deploying magnetite-based photocatalysts in wastewater treatment, correlating reduced pollution and the marketing of treated water with social, economic, and environmental objectives. By advocating the integration of magnetite-based photocatalysts and TEA, this paper contributes insights into scalable and profitable sustainable wastewater treatment practices. It underscores the alignment of these practices with SDGs, emphasizing a comprehensive and holistic approach to managing wastewater in ways that meet environmental, economic, and societal objectives.
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DOI: 10.1007/s11356-024-32680-9
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