review · Environmental Research
Fluoride contamination in water supplies presents a serious hazard to human health and the environment. Adsorption has emerged as a preferred solution for defluoridation because it provides an efficient, cost-effective treatment route. Both synthetic and natural adsorbents have demonstrated efficacy in removing fluoride ions, with performance determined by specific underlying interaction mechanisms and operating conditions. Practical implementations already exist, evidenced by documented field applications and real-world case studies. However, widespread deployment requires addressing operational barriers through scalable and environmentally sustainable methods. Key routes to improving water defluoridation include the integration of novel materials, rigorous process optimisation, and the creation of hybrid treatment systems, all aimed at delivering reliable and safe drinking water.
Elevated fluoride levels in drinking water create acute public health and environmental risks across the globe. Adsorption offers an accessible, low-cost approach to decontamination. Understanding which materials work, how the underlying mechanisms function, and which systems have succeeded in field trials equips water authorities and practitioners to select reliable treatments for communities affected by contaminated groundwater.
The technology targets drinking water purification for utilities, rural water schemes, and water treatment practitioners. With existing case studies and field deployments, base adsorption methods are already applied and tested in real-world settings. Further commercialisation and wider industrial rollout will depend on scaling novel adsorbent materials, optimising operational processes, and engineering hybrid systems to ensure reliable, long-term performance.
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Fluoride contamination in water sources poses a significant challenge to human health and the environment. In recent years, adsorption technology has emerged as a promising approach for water defluoridation due to its efficiency and cost-effectiveness. This review article comprehensively explores the advances in water defluoridation through adsorption processes. Various adsorbents, including natural and synthetic materials, have been investigated for their efficacy in removing fluoride ions from water. The mechanisms underlying adsorption interactions are elucidated, shedding light on the factors influencing defluoridation efficiency. Moreover, the review outlines the current state of technology, highlighting successful case studies and field applications. Future perspectives in the field of water defluoridation by adsorption are discussed, emphasizing the need for sustainable and scalable solutions. The integration of novel materials, process optimization, and the development of hybrid technologies are proposed as pathways to address existing challenges and enhance the overall efficacy of water defluoridation. This comprehensive assessment of the advances and future directions in adsorption-based water defluoridation provides valuable insights for researchers, policymakers, and practitioners working towards ensuring safe and accessible drinking water for all.
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DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2024.118857
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