review · Arabian Journal of Chemistry
Zeolites are crystalline aluminosilicates characterised by microporous structures, high surface areas, and uniform pore sizes. Both natural and synthetic variants serve as cost-effective adsorbents for capturing organic and inorganic contaminants in aqueous environments. These materials display notable flexibility in removing a range of hazardous substances from water, including heavy metal ions, phenolic compounds, and dyes. Synthesis of these adsorbents frequently relies on hydrothermal methods. The capture of contaminants operates through various primary mechanisms, including surface adsorption, chelation, electrostatic interaction, diffusion, complexation, and natural processes. Furthermore, evaluation of these adsorption systems indicates that the Langmuir isotherm and pseudo-second-order kinetic models consistently describe the equilibrium and rate behaviours of the removal process. Evaluating these adsorption capacities against raw zeolites and alternative adsorbents offers a pathway to determine their suitability for real wastewater treatment.
Industrial activities release hazardous organic and inorganic pollutants, such as toxic dyes and heavy metals, into water systems. Understanding how natural and synthetic zeolites capture these substances provides valuable insights into low-cost materials for water purification. This helps guide the selection and design of efficient, scalable filtering media capable of addressing diverse aquatic contaminants.
The review highlights wastewater treatment applications targeting heavy metals, dyes, and phenolic compounds for municipal or industrial water treatment operators. As this work evaluates consolidated laboratory literature and notes that real wastewater applicability remains an objective for future assessment, the technology sits at an early research stage rather than near-market deployment.
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Zeolites are microporous crystalline aluminosilicates with high surface area and uniform pore size. Natural and synthetic zeolites have been used to adsorb organic and inorganic compounds in aqueous media due to thier particular physicochemical properties and the low cost of the process. The flexibility of zeolites to remove pollutants from water, such as dyes, heavy metal ions, and phenolic compounds, is discussed in this document in the context of contemporary research. This review briefly consolidates the currently available literature to comprehend the structure of zeolites and their synthesized by hydrothermal method. Later, this manuscript is present different parameters to study the adsorption mechanisms of organic and inorganic contaminants using the zeolites. The main adsorption processes using zeolites as adsorbents include chelation, surface adsorption, natural processes, diffusion, electrostatic interaction and complexation. In addition, the research demonstrates that the dominant models in the isothermal and kinetic study of adsorption are the Langmuir and the pseudo-second-order models. We can assess the beneficial applicability of zeolite materials for real wastewater treatment in the future by comparing their adsorption capacities for removing harmful substances from water to those of other adsorbents and crude zeolites.
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DOI: 10.1016/j.arabjc.2023.105474
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