article · International Journal of Biological Macromolecules
Hydrogel beads combining cellulose derived from coffee grounds and sodium alginate have been developed as environmentally friendly materials for wastewater treatment. Structural and morphological analyses confirmed the physical and chemical characteristics of the double-network beads. When tested on dye pollutants, the beads achieved rapid adsorption equilibrium within twenty minutes for both Methylene Blue, a cationic dye, and Congo Red, an anionic dye. Adsorption followed pseudo-second-order kinetics and aligned with the Langmuir-Freundlich isotherm model. Maximum adsorption capacities reached 400.50 milligrams per gram for Methylene Blue and 411.45 milligrams per gram for Congo Red. The adsorption process was shown to be spontaneous, favourable, and exothermic, with removal capacity decreasing at elevated temperatures. The resulting bio-based beads demonstrate strong capacity for dye removal alongside regenerative abilities.
Dye pollution from industrial wastewater presents serious environmental hazards. Utilising abundant agricultural by-products like coffee grounds alongside biopolymers offers a sustainable, low-cost route for water remediation. These hydrogel beads demonstrate rapid uptake of both positively and negatively charged dyes while remaining reusable, supporting circular economy practices and cleaner industrial discharges.
This technology could enable bio-based water treatment solutions for industrial effluent managers, especially in sectors generating dye waste such as textiles. Based on the reported laboratory synthesis, isotherm analysis, and regeneration trials, the work represents early-stage, applied experimental research. Scaling toward commercial use would require testing in complex industrial wastewater streams and evaluating manufacturing costs for bulk bead production.
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This work describes the preparation of new eco-friendly adsorbents with a simple method. Gel beads of coffee grounds cellulose (CGC) and sodium alginate (SA) were prepared for wastewater treatment. Upon their synthesis, the physicochemical properties, performances and efficiency were analyzed by means of various structural and morphological characterizations. Kinetic and thermodynamic adsorption approaches evaluated the removal capacity of these beads which reached equilibrium in 20 min for Methylene Blue (MB) and Congo Red (CR). Also, the kinetics shows that the results can be explained by the pseudo-second-order model (PSO). Furthermore, the isotherm assessments showed that Langmuir-Freundlich can fit the adsorption data of both contaminants. Accordingly, the maximum adsorption capacities reached by the Langmuir-Freundlich model are 400.50 and 411.45 mg/g for MB and CR, respectively. It is interesting to note that the bio-adsorption capabilities of MB and CR on bead hydrogels decreased with temperature. Besides, the results of the thermodynamic study evidenced that the bio-adsorption processes are favorable, spontaneous and exothermic. The CGC/SA gel beads are therefore outstanding bio-adsorbents, offering a great adsorptive performance and regenerative abilities.
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DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.124288
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