Acute Pancreatitis in Children: Analysis of 15 Cases

Abstract

Acute pancreatitis (AP) in children, although rare, has shown an increasing incidence. This retrospective study analyzed 15 pediatric AP cases over a six-year period from January 2019 to December 2024 at Mohammed VI University Hospital in Oujda, Morocco. The results revealed a male predominance with a sex ratio of 1.5 and a mean age of 8.8 years. The average time from symptom onset to consultation was 3.5 days. The predominant symptom was constant abdominal pain (100%), followed by vomiting (71.4%). Biologically, lipase levels were elevated in 100% of cases, with amylase elevation observed in 14.3%. Radiologically, patients were classified using the Balthazar staging system, with 40% at stage E. Etiologies were mainly idiopathic (26.6%), traumatic (20%), and biliary (20%). All patients received medical treatment, with 6.6% requiring interventional drainage. The majority had favorable outcomes, with 6.6% developing pseudocysts. Diagnosis relies on clinical, biochemical, and radiological criteria, and management is primarily supportive. Early and adequate treatment is essential to prevent complications. Antibiotic use and fluid management protocols require clearer definition.