article · Journal of Thermal Analysis and Calorimetry
Clean water availability is declining globally while demand continues to rise, making seawater desalination an essential remedy. Solar stills offer an environmentally clean method for water purification by transforming solar energy into the heat needed for evaporation and condensation. These devices are generally divided into passive systems, which rely entirely on direct sunlight, and active systems, which employ external heat sources. Concentrating collectors coupled with desalination units represent a primary type of external thermal source in active setups. This work reviews developments in active solar stills linked with solar concentrating systems. It examines techniques used to enhance system efficiency, increase daily freshwater yield, and maximise overall output, providing an informative overview for researchers tracking technical improvements in solar-powered desalination.
Freshwater shortages are intensifying worldwide, driving the need for sustainable desalination alternatives that do not rely on fossil fuels. Reviewing solar concentrating systems coupled to active stills clarifies how thermal engineering can improve water purification rates. This helps researchers identify effective designs to make solar desalination more efficient and practical for addressing clean water deficits.
The reviewed systems target solar-powered seawater desalination for freshwater generation. Potential future users include water-stressed communities and operators seeking renewable purification infrastructure. Because the abstract presents a literature review of techniques and performance improvements to inform researchers, the work is situated at an early-stage to applied research level rather than ready for immediate commercial deployment.
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Abstract Clean water is quickly decreasing as the necessity for it rises year after year. Desalination of seawater is the only means to remedy this problem. The scientific community has focused on solar powered salty water desalination devices as a clean alternative throughout the last few decades. Solar stills convert solar energy into the heat required to generate clean water through the evaporation and condensation processes. The two very popular varieties of solar stills are active, and passive based on the heat source to evaporate the basin water, which can be either directly through the sun or indirectly using external heat sources such as concentrating collectors which are coupled with desalination units. This article provides an exhaustive analysis of active solar stills’ advancement with solar concentrating systems and techniques for improving performance, desalinated water production, efficiency, and maximum output. This work intends to keep researchers and the scientific community informed about developments in active solar stills equipped with solar concentrators .
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DOI: 10.1007/s10973-023-12285-z
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