article · Advanced Therapeutics
Host-directed therapies present a viable strategy for tackling viral infections by targeting host biological factors and immune functions rather than the viruses themselves. Advances in genomics and proteomics have uncovered novel host targets necessary for viral replication. Cutting-edge tools like CRISPR-Cas9, alongside RNA interference and viral interference, permit targeted manipulation of host genes involved in viral cycles. In parallel, probiotics offer an alternative method to enhance antiviral defences through gut microbiota modulation and immune response improvement. Although these approaches hold considerable promise for future antiviral medicine, key hurdles persist. Crucial challenges include unravelling intricate host-virus interactions and establishing the safety and efficacy of these interventions. Ongoing research and clinical trials are required to translate host-directed interventions into dependable treatments.
Viruses can quickly evolve resistance to standard antiviral medications. By focusing on the host's own biological mechanisms and immune responses rather than targeting the virus directly, host-directed therapies could provide durable, broad-spectrum protections. This shift could help healthcare systems better manage emerging and chronic viral infections, reducing severe disease and improving overall patient outcomes.
This work points to opportunities for biopharmaceutical developers to design novel antiviral treatments using gene-editing platforms, RNA-based tools, or specialised probiotic formulations. Because the field requires deeper investigation into host-virus mechanisms followed by clinical evaluation to confirm safety and efficacy, these therapeutic strategies appear to be at an early research and development stage rather than near market deployment.
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Abstract Host‐directed therapies (HDTs) have emerged as a promising strategy to combat viral infections by modifying host factors and immune responses to restrict viral replication and improve patient outcomes. This review summarizes the latest advances and future potential of HDTs in antiviral therapy. With developments in genomics and proteomics, new host targets essential for viral replication have been identified. Gene‐editing tools, such as CRISPR‐Cas9, enable precise manipulation of host genes linked to viral processes, paving the way for innovative HDTs. Emerging approaches, including RNA interference and viral interference, further demonstrate the potential to specifically modify host factors to inhibit viral replication. Additionally, probiotics are being explored for their capacity to enhance immune responses and modulate gut microbiota, offering a natural and safe method for boosting antiviral defenses. Despite these advancements, significant challenges remain, particularly in deciphering complex host–virus interactions and ensuring the safety and efficacy of these therapies. Continued research and clinical evaluation are essential to realize the full potential of HDTs. This review provides a comprehensive overview of current HDT strategies, emphasizing their promise in shaping future antiviral interventions.
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DOI: 10.1002/adtp.202400169
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