A synergistic approach to tooth remineralization using nano-chitosan, fluoride, and pulsed magnetic field

Abstract

Globally, dental caries remains a health concern due to their complications of pain, infection, and tooth loss. The traditional dental remineralization by using fluoride is effective but limited in advanced caries and continued treatments. While Calcium phosphate is beneficial in restoring mineral, it needs external aids to be effective. This research explores a synergistic approach to enhance tooth remineralization for a total of 72 samples by harnessing the effects of nano-chitosan, fluoride, and exposure to magnetic fields. The nano-chitosan solution is prepared using an ionic interaction method, initially without fluoride, and is subsequently mixed with fluoride at concentrations of 0.05% and 2%. The structural and morphological properties of the prepared nano-chitosan were confirmed using SEM, XRD, and FTIR. The samples were exposed to a pulsed magnetic field (PMF) of 18 mT ± 2% to assess its effect on remineralization. Demineralized teeth samples are treated by synthesized agents combined and free of exposure. Treatment efficacy is evaluated using XRD, EDX, SEM, and the Vickers microhardness test. The results showed optimal enhancement of dental enamel treated by 0.05% fluoride and ChNPs with the aid of exposure. Its morphology showed new mineral layers, likely fluorapatite, and it had the highest Ca/P ratio and maximum VHN value. These findings support the possibility of prevention of early developed lesions of teeth by this non-invasive technique with low cost. Commercially, it is suggested to assess the benefit of using PMF combined with remineralizing agents instead of high-cost materials in domestic settings.