review · Discover Applied Sciences
Zeolites offer significant capacity for capturing carbon dioxide, sulphur dioxide, and hydrogen sulfide from flue gases generated by burning coal, biomass, gasoline, and natural gas. These materials benefit from high porosity, structural diversity, recyclability, and microscopic pores. However, their primary drawback remains poor long-term durability and stability. Sulphur dioxide removal increases with temperatures up to 200 degrees Celsius before declining at higher levels, with sorption and regenerability affected by drying techniques, operating temperature, and competing gases such as oxygen, water vapour, and nitrogen oxides. For hydrogen sulfide capture, zeolites require high sulphur loading capacity, stable structures, and reliable regenerability. While progress continues in synthesis methods and capture efficiency, operational challenges related to stability and sensitivity to mixed-gas conditions must still be resolved.
Flue gases from burning fuels release harmful emissions, with atmospheric carbon dioxide levels already exceeding 415 parts per million. Identifying efficient, recyclable adsorbents helps limit these releases and keep emissions out of the carbon cycle. Clarifying how temperature and competing exhaust gases affect zeolite performance helps guide the development of practical filters for industrial exhaust streams.
Industrial facilities burning coal, biomass, or gas could apply zeolite adsorbents to capture multiple harmful emissions from flue gas. The approach remains in early-stage research and development rather than near-market deployment, as practical adoption is constrained by poor long-term durability and sorbent sensitivity to moisture and competing exhaust gases.
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Abstract This review was carried out on removal of flue gases (CO 2 , SO 2 , and H 2 S) that are emitted from various sources. Burning solid fuels for heat, such as natural gas, gasoline, and coal or biomass, results in the production of flue gas. Adsorption of flue gases by utilizing Zeolites was properly explained, including the zeolite synthesis technique, characteristics, zeolite sensitivity, variables that influence the adsorption process, zeolite efficiency, and cost-effectiveness. Zeolites have a notable adsorption capability for CO 2 , SO 2 , and H 2 S, despite their major disadvantage of being poor long-term durability and stability. Remarkable advancements are being made in present-day CO 2 capture methods, especially concerning the use of zeolites. Zeolites are unique materials with great potential for CO 2 collection because of their tiny holes, high porosity, structural variety, and recyclability. Since atmospheric CO 2 concentrations are already more than 415 parts per million, it is imperative to limit future releases of this gas and keep it out of the carbon cycle. The elimination of SO 2 by the majority of zeolites was shown to rise with temperatures up to 200 °C and subsequently decrease at higher temperatures. It was also shown that SO 2 uptake and breakthrough time are significantly affected by drying zeolite using microwave and traditional heating methods. The sorption capacity and sorbent regenerability of SO 2 are sensitive to the presence of other gases in the flue gas, such as O 2 , CO 2 , NOx, and water vapor, as well as the reaction temperature. Zeolites must possess strong sulfur loading capacity, good regenerability, and a stable structure to be an effective adsorbent for the removal of H 2 S. Regarding the utilization of zeolites as adsorbents for the flue gases, new developments, and continuing difficulties have been concluded in this review work.
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DOI: 10.1007/s42452-024-05989-w
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