review · RSC Advances
Transitioning to sustainable clean energy like hydrogen is essential to combat climate change, yet practical storage remains a critical barrier to widespread adoption. Existing physical storage methods, including liquefied and compressed hydrogen, fail to satisfy United States Department of Energy performance targets for on-board vehicle applications. Solid-state, material-based approaches provide an alternative pathway. Metal-organic frameworks have emerged as promising candidates for energy storage owing to their high pore volumes, large surface areas, and adjustable structural designs. Various advanced synthesis techniques, including solvothermal, mechanochemical, microwave-assisted, and sonochemical approaches, enable the fabrication of these crystalline porous materials. Examining these construction routes alongside the structural parameters and physical factors of metal-organic frameworks reveals key relationships that govern hydrogen adsorption capacity.
Hydrogen offers significant potential as a zero-emission alternative to fossil fuels, but storing sufficient quantities safely and compactly remains a major technical obstacle. Identifying porous solid materials capable of holding hydrogen efficiently could enable practical storage systems for clean transport and industry, supporting broader international efforts to reduce carbon emissions and tackle climate change.
The insights apply to materials developers and engineers working on hydrogen fuel storage systems for on-board transport. By examining synthesis routes such as microwave-assisted and mechanochemical methods alongside capacity-limiting factors, the work informs the design of solid-state storage media. However, because the abstract describes a review of synthesis techniques and structural characteristics rather than a scaled or deployed device, the technology sits at an early stage of materials research.
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Climate change is causing a rise in the need to transition from fossil fuels to renewable and clean energy such as hydrogen as a sustainable energy source. The issue with hydrogen's practical storage, however, prevents it from being widely used as an energy source. Current solutions, such as liquefied and compressed hydrogen storage, are insufficient to meet the U.S. Department of Energy's (US DOE) extensive on-board application requirements. Thus, a backup strategy involving material-based storage is required. Metal organic frameworks (MOFs) belong to the category of crystalline porous materials that have seen rapid interest in the field of energy storage due to their large surface area, high pore volume, and modifiable structure. Therefore, advanced technologies employed in the construction of MOFs, such as solvothermal, mechanochemical, microwave assisted, and sonochemical methods are reviewed. Finally, this review discussed the selected factors and structural characteristics of MOFs, which affect the hydrogen capacity.
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DOI: 10.1039/d4ra00865k
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