A review of proton beam therapy’s role in glioma management

Abstract

Gliomas pose significant therapeutic challenges due to limited survival and risks of treatment-related toxicity. Proton beam therapy (PBT) offers a precise radiation delivery method, minimizing damage to healthy brain tissue compared to conventional radiotherapy. This review synthesizes findings from 15 studies (2000-January 2024) from PubMed, Google Scholar, Science Direct, Cochrane Library, and Directory of Open Access Journals. PBT significantly reduces neurocognitive decline and enhances quality of life while achieving comparable or superior survival outcomes across various glioma types, including low-grade gliomas and glioblastomas. Notable benefits include improved verbal memory, stable intellectual functioning, and reduced high-grade toxicity. However, challenges such as neuroendocrine deficiencies and increased radiation necrosis highlight the need for optimized protocols. Future research should focus on comprehensive outcome assessments, proactive management of adverse effects, and improving PBT accessibility through cost reduction and technological advancements. PBT holds transformative potential in glioma management, balancing effective tumor control with preservation of neurological function, positioning it as a valuable neuro-oncology treatment option.