A review of one hundred consecutive gynaecological malignancies in a new tertiary health centre in north central nigeria

Abstract

Background: This retrospective review analyzed the first 100 consecutive cases of histologically confirmed gynecological malignancies at Kwara State University Teaching Hospital, Nigeria, from 2020 to 2024. The study aimed to identify the distribution, demographics, and presentation patterns of these cancers.Methods: Data were extracted from clinical and pathology records, focusing on patient age, parity, cancer type, symptoms, and stage at presentation.Results: Cervical cancer was the most prevalent (56%), followed by ovarian (20%) and endometrial cancers (16%). Less common were fallopian tube (5%), vaginal (2%), and vulvar cancers (1%). Most patients (69%) presented at late stages (III/IV), and the majority were multiparous and aged ≥70. Common symptoms included vaginal bleeding (74%) and abdominal pain (93%).Conclusion: The findings underscore a significant delay in diagnosis and the urgent need for improved screening, Human Papilloma Virus vaccination, and early detection strategies. Enhancing access to oncology services could mitigate the burden of gynecological cancers in Nigeria.