A Review of Membrane Potential Dynamics in Prostate Cancer

Abstract

Prostate cancer is one of the most common cancers that men get around the world, and it is still a major source of cancer-related illness and death. Traditional research has predominantly concentrated on genetic modifications, androgen signalling, and metabolic reprogramming; however, recent findings underscore the essential function of bioelectric signalling in tumour biology. Membrane potential (Vm), the electrical potential differential across the plasma membrane, has been recognised as a fundamental regulator of cancer cell behaviour. Changes in membrane potential affect important cellular processes as proliferation, apoptosis, migration, invasion, angiogenesis, and resistance to treatment. This study offers an extensive examination of membrane potential dynamics in prostate cancer, addressing its physiological function in normal prostate cells and the pathological mechanisms that lead to its dysregulation in malignancy. A thorough examination of the role of major ion channels, transporters, and pumps is conducted, highlighting their growing importance as diagnostic biomarkers and therapeutic targets. Examining prostate cancer through a bioelectric lens provides novel insights into tumour advancement and paves the way for innovative approaches in precision medicine.