article · Talanta
A new electrochemical sensor has been developed for the sensitive detection of homovanillic acid, a biomarker associated with neuroblastoma. The sensor utilises a Sonogel-Carbon electrode modified with the amino acid L-leucine, featuring a renewable surface. Physical and electrochemical testing confirmed that the addition of leucine improves the electrode performance for homovanillic acid detection. Using differential pulse voltammetry, the sensor achieved a linear response range from 0.5 to 50 micromolar and a limit of detection of 0.4 micromolar. The device demonstrated strong repeatability and reproducibility, with a relative standard deviation under 3.5 percent. The sensor was evaluated in real human urine and synthetic cerebrospinal fluid, delivering recovery rates between 96.3 and 106 percent. The nature and acidity of the sample medium were found to influence detection outcomes significantly.
Homovanillic acid is an essential biomarker for diagnosing and monitoring neuroblastoma. Creating reliable, sensitive sensors that function in human urine and cerebrospinal fluid can aid clinical diagnostics. This research demonstrates an accurate, reproducible electrochemical method capable of measuring biomarker concentrations directly in complex biological fluids without requiring extensive sample preparation.
This technology could enable point-of-care or laboratory diagnostic tools for clinical facilities monitoring neuroblastoma biomarkers. Potential users include diagnostic laboratories and biomedical researchers requiring rapid analysis of biofluids. The work is at an applied and tested stage, having successfully detected target molecules in real urine and artificial cerebrospinal fluid, though full clinical validation and device engineering are required before commercial use.
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A new Sonogel-Carbon (SNGC) electrode modified with an amino acid ( l -leucine; Leu) has been developed for the sensitive detection of homovanillic acid (HVA). Electrochemical properties of leucine-modified Sonogel-Carbon (SNGC-Leu) were characterized using cyclic voltammetry (CV) and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). Comprehensive characterization using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS), Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and powder X-ray diffraction (XRD) was conducted to investigate the structure of both SNGC-Leu and SNGC electrodes. The analytical performance of the SNGC-Leu sensor including the linear response range, repeatability, selectivity, and detection limit were examined. Differential pulse voltammetry (DPV) was employed to evaluate the analytical response in a linear concentration range of HVA from 0.5 μM to 50 μM, with a detection limit of 0.4 μΜ. Satisfactory reproducibility and repeatability (coefficient of variation (%RSD) < 3.5 %) were obtained. The SNGC-Leu sensor was successfully used to detect HVA in human urine and synthetic cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), exhibiting adequate recovery rates of 97.5–102 % and 96.3–106 %, respectively. • A novel electrode based on leucine-modified Sonogel-Carbon material with renewable surface was developed and characterized. • The presence of leucine ensures improved characteristics in the electrochemical detection of HVA. • The medium nature and pH value strongly influence voltammetric responses of HVA. • The developed sensor exhibits excellent sensitivity for HVA determination, with a LOD of 0.4 μM. • The new SNGC-Leu sensor has been applied in human urine and artificial cerebrospinal fluid samples.
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DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2024.127452
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