A Novel Octagonal-Shaped UWB Patch Antenna for V2X, WIMAX, WLAN and Wi-Fi 6 /Wi-Fi 6E communications

Abstract

A novel octagonal-shaped ultra-wideband (UWB) microstrip antenna is proposed for vehicle-to-everything (V2X) communications based on Dedicated Short-Range Communications (DSRC/IEEE 802.11p at 5.9 GHz) and for multi-standard wireless systems. The antenna operates from 4.2 to 8.9 GHz, providing a 4.7 GHz impedance bandwidth for S11∣≤−10 dB. This wideband response simultaneously covers WiMAX, WLAN IEEE 802.11ac/n (5.2 and 5.8 GHz), Wi-Fi 6, Wi-Fi 6E, and 5G sub-6 GHz applications. The simulated realized gain varies from 2.46 dBi to 5.15 dBi over the operating band. A prototype is fabricated and characterized using a 3656D vector network analyzer. The measured resonances at 4.22, 6.04, and 8.04 GHz closely match the simulated ones at 4.2, 5.84, and 8.01 GHz, with a maximum frequency deviation below 3.5%. The measured reflection minima (−13.30, −20.20, and −14.18 dB) differ by less than 4 dB from the simulated values (−14.23, −19.23, and −17.78 dB), and the measured operating bandwidth (4.2–8.9 GHz) is consistent with the simulated 4.2–8.71 GHz range. These results confirm the suitability of the proposed compact antenna for integrated UWB V2X/DSRC front-ends and emerging 5G/Wi-Fi 6/6E systems.