A novel hybrid solar-wind microgrid with reservoir-based storage for sustainable remote energy supply

Abstract

Hybrid renewable energy systems combining solar photovoltaic (PV) and wind power provide sustainable solutions for remote electrification, but their performance is often constrained by intermittency and limited storage capacity. This research proposes a novel Solar–Wind Hybrid Power System (SWHPS) integrating multi-technology battery storage (AGM, gel, and lithium-ion) with reservoir-based pumped hydro storage to enhance reliability and efficiency. Advanced Maximum Power Point Tracking (MPPT) algorithms and Loss of Power Supply Probability (LPSP) modeling were employed to optimize energy extraction under variable irradiance (200–1000 W/m²) and wind speeds (10–15 m/s). MATLAB/Simulink simulations demonstrated stable performance: the PV array achieved 2000 W at 245 V DC, the wind turbine with a Permanent Magnet Synchronous Generator (PMSG) produced ∼200 V AC, and the AGM battery sustained 250 V with a cycle life of 1200 at 100% depth of discharge. The dual-storage configuration reduced LPSP from 0.40 to 0.11, ensuring a more reliable power supply compared to single-storage systems. The inverter delivered a clean 230 V rms AC output at 50 Hz with minimal harmonic distortion, while dynamic load testing confirmed improved frequency regulation and reduced voltage fluctuations. Overall, the system achieved a 20% improvement in energy reliability, supporting scalable and portable applications such as rural microgrids, mobile platforms, and floating installations. The novelty of this research lies in the integration of heterogeneous storage technologies, which enhances operational resilience and extends system lifespan. Future work will focus on techno-economic optimization and predictive control strategies for extreme weather resilience.