article · Scientific Reports
A multinational investigation across Iraq, Kuwait, Egypt, Lebanon, and Jordan examined the factors shaping university students perceptions and adoption of ChatGPT. Drawing on responses from 2,240 participants using the TAME-ChatGPT survey instrument, the research established that 46.8 percent of respondents had heard of ChatGPT and 52.6 percent had used it. Acceptance and regular usage were positively driven by perceived ease of use, general positive attitudes towards technology, social influence, perceived usefulness, cognitive influences, low perceived risks, and low anxiety levels. Statistical evaluations confirmed the validity of the measurement framework. Furthermore, student attitudes varied significantly based on country of residence, age, university type, and recent academic performance. Successful integration of artificial intelligence models into higher education requires tailoring policies to distinct demographic and institutional environments rather than applying universal rules.
Understanding student receptiveness to artificial intelligence helps universities design effective educational policies. Because student attitudes differ by demographic factors such as age, academic performance, and country of residence, institutions cannot rely on uniform guidelines. Identifying the primary drivers of adoption, including perceived usefulness and low risk perception, offers higher education administrators practical insights for integrating generative artificial intelligence tools responsibly into their programmes.
The findings validate an assessment instrument, TAME-ChatGPT, which university administrators and educational technology teams can use to evaluate student readiness before rolling out generative artificial intelligence systems. As early-stage survey research, it does not offer a standalone commercial product, but the validated model provides higher education leadership with an applied diagnostic tool to guide institutional procurement and policy development.
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Artificial intelligence models, like ChatGPT, have the potential to revolutionize higher education when implemented properly. This study aimed to investigate the factors influencing university students' attitudes and usage of ChatGPT in Arab countries. The survey instrument "TAME-ChatGPT" was administered to 2240 participants from Iraq, Kuwait, Egypt, Lebanon, and Jordan. Of those, 46.8% heard of ChatGPT, and 52.6% used it before the study. The results indicated that a positive attitude and usage of ChatGPT were determined by factors like ease of use, positive attitude towards technology, social influence, perceived usefulness, behavioral/cognitive influences, low perceived risks, and low anxiety. Confirmatory factor analysis indicated the adequacy of the "TAME-ChatGPT" constructs. Multivariate analysis demonstrated that the attitude towards ChatGPT usage was significantly influenced by country of residence, age, university type, and recent academic performance. This study validated "TAME-ChatGPT" as a useful tool for assessing ChatGPT adoption among university students. The successful integration of ChatGPT in higher education relies on the perceived ease of use, perceived usefulness, positive attitude towards technology, social influence, behavioral/cognitive elements, low anxiety, and minimal perceived risks. Policies for ChatGPT adoption in higher education should be tailored to individual contexts, considering the variations in student attitudes observed in this study.
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DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-52549-8
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