article · Fractal and Fractional
A compact tri-wideband fractal antenna has been designed and fabricated for wireless communication systems. The device features a Sierpinski hexagonal-shaped radiating element and a partial ground plane loaded with three rectangular stubs and three rectangular slits. It achieves a reduced physical footprint measuring 0.19λ0 by 0.24λ0 by 0.0128λ0 while providing enhanced bandwidth and gain. Experimental measurements demonstrate that the antenna operates effectively across three wide frequency bands: 2.19 to 4.43 GHz, 4.8 to 7.76 GHz, and 8.04 to 11.32 GHz. These operational bands support multiple wireless standards, including WLAN, WiMAX, ISM, LTE, RFID, Bluetooth, 5G spectrum, C-band, and X-band. The antenna delivers nearly omnidirectional radiation patterns alongside reliable gain. Simulation predictions generated using CST MWS match closely with the experimental results collected from the manufactured prototype.
Modern wireless hardware requires components that support multiple communication protocols without consuming excessive space. By covering several wide frequency bands in a single compact design, this antenna reduces the need for separate antennas across different radio systems. It simplifies device architecture for common standards such as Wi-Fi, 5G, and radar frequencies, facilitating more integrated and versatile communications hardware.
The antenna is relevant to wireless device manufacturers developing multi-standard platforms for telecommunications, consumer electronics, and radio-frequency identification. Supporting diverse bands from Bluetooth to X-band enables single-component integration across multiple commercial standards. Because the antenna has been both fabricated and experimentally verified against simulations, it sits at an applied and tested stage of development, ready for platform-specific integration testing.
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This paper introduces a new tri-wideband fractal antenna for use in wireless communication applications. The fractal manufactured antenna developed has a Sierpinski hexagonal-shaped radiating element and a partial ground plane loaded with three rectangular stubs and three rectangular slits. The investigated antenna has a small footprint of 0.19λ0 × 0.24 λ0 × 0.0128 λ0 and improved bandwidth and gain. According to the measurements, the designed antenna resonates throughout the frequency ranges of 2.19–4.43 GHz, 4.8–7.76 GHz, and 8.04–11.32 GHz. These frequency ranges are compatible with a variety of wireless technologies, including WLAN, WiMAX, ISM, LTE, RFID, Bluetooth, 5G spectrum band, C-band, and X-band. The investigated antenna exhibited good gain with almost omnidirectional radiation patterns. Utilizing CST MWS, the performance of the suggested Sierpinski hexagonal-shaped fractal antenna was achieved. The findings were then compared to the experimental results, which were found to be in strong agreement.
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DOI: 10.3390/fractalfract7020115
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