A Dynamic Hydroplaning Study: A Fluid–Structure Interaction Model for Road Vehicle Tire Analysis

Abstract

<div>Hydroplaning contributes to approximately 20% of traffic accidents during adverse weather conditions, with factors such as velocity, water film thickness, tire inflation, and vehicle weight playing significant roles. This study aims to simulate the hydroplaning phenomenon using a fluid–structure interaction model based on the coupled Eulerian–Lagrangian (CEL) capabilities of ABAQUS. Results reveal that vehicle linear velocity is a key determinant of hydroplaning risk, with a positive correlation observed. The findings suggest maintaining speeds under 50 km/h to mitigate hydroplaning risk, contingent on well-maintained, properly inflated tires. Multiple linear regression analysis further demonstrates correlations among velocity, tire inflation, quarter vehicle load, and water film thickness in predicting the reaction force between the tire and roadway. The proposed scheme provides a predictive mechanism for hydroplaning risk under varying conditions, offering valuable insights into prevention strategies.</div> <div>The proposed scheme offers a valuable predictive mechanism for understanding and mitigating hydroplaning risk by analyzing key environmental and vehicle parameters. It identifies the critical factors influencing hydroplaning, including velocity, tire inflation, water film thickness, and vehicle load, while offering actionable insights to reduce risk. By employing advanced simulation techniques, specifically ABAQUS with CEL capabilities, the model provides a realistic and accurate representation of the hydroplaning phenomenon. Furthermore, the correlation analysis offers a comprehensive understanding of the relationship between multiple variables, enabling risk assessment under varying conditions. This approach not only highlights the underlying physics of hydroplaning but also supports evidence-based strategies for risk reduction and improved vehicle safety.</div>