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A dual-band circularly polarised antenna has been designed for Global Navigation Satellite System applications operating in the L2 and L5 frequency bands. The system uses a probe-fed upper rectangular patch positioned to excite two orthogonal modes. Beneath this, a stacked lower patch incorporating a V-shaped slot with an offset shift is used to adjust the operational bands and widen the axial ratio beamwidth. An irregular slit is also cut into the upper patch to improve beamwidth performance further. Operating across 1.17 to 1.256 GHz with right-hand circular polarisation, the antenna demonstrates low reflection coefficients. Performance measurements show wide axial ratio beamwidths across orthogonal planes, achieving 250 and 203.5 degrees at L5, alongside 231 and 202 degrees at L2, with gains reaching 3.5 dBic and 5.8 dBic respectively.
Satellite navigation systems rely on reliable signal reception from diverse angles in the sky. Antennas with wide axial ratio beamwidths maintain strong circularly polarised connections even at low elevation angles. By achieving dual-band performance with a simplified design, this development helps improve signal reliability and positioning accuracy for modern satellite navigation receivers.
The design could enable dual-band signal reception in hardware targeting L2 and L5 GNSS applications, potentially serving developers of satellite navigation equipment. Based purely on the abstract, the work represents early-stage design and laboratory simulation or testing, with no deployment details or manufacturing partnerships reported.
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This paper proposes a dual-band GNSS antenna featuring a broad axial ratio beamwidth and a straightforward design, optimized for operation in the L2 and L5 GNSS frequency bands. Firstly, an upper rectangular patch, fed by a probe and positioned at a pre-calculated point, is utilized to excite the two orthogonal modes <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">$TM_{10}$</tex> and <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">$TM_{01}$</tex> at L2 and L5 bands. Secondly, a lower stacked V-slotted patch antenna, with an optimized offset shift relative to the upper patch, is employed to fine-tune the operating bands and improve the axial ratio beamwidth (ARBW) at both L2 and L5 bands. Lastly, an irregular slit of optimal size and position is etched in the upper patch to further enhance the ARBW. The proposed antenna shows low reflection coefficient values at 1.17-1.256 GHz for (L2/L5) bands with right-hand circular polarization (RHCP) operation. The ARBWs at two orthogonal cut-planes are <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">$\mathbf{250}/\mathbf{203.5}^{\circ}$</tex> and <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">$\mathbf{231}/ \mathbf{202}^{\circ}$</tex>, with gains of 3.5, and 5.8 dBic at L5, and L2, respectively.
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DOI: 10.1109/niles63360.2024.10753263
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