A Drug Delivery System for Anticancer Chemotherapy That Targets Efficiency and Reduces the Side Effects of the Gemcitabine Hydrochloride Medicine Using Nanonatural Molecules

Abstract

Abstract The aim of this study is to create a nanoformulation using GEM‐drug loads on the surfaces of cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs), sodium butyrate nanoparticles (NaBut NPs), and pycnogenol nanoparticles (Pyc NPs). The methods for creating the modified GEM medication (NCP@GEM) are carried out effectively via precipitation and grinding. The different techniques used to evaluate the formation of fabricated self‐assembly NCP. UV–vis spectroscopy is used to determine the loading and release process.The loading efficiency was documented at 92 ± 0.0055% w/w. After 24 h, the release efficiency of NCP@GEM was reported at 70 ± 0.01 %w/w (pH = 6.8) and 65 ± 0.0153 %w/w (pH = 7.4). Using SRB (routine analysis IC 50 ), the in vitro study used different dosages of the modified drug to estimate its poisonousness on the two cell lines, BNL and MCF‐7 cells. An in vivo study was performed, including biochemical analysis and gene expression analysis. The NCP@GEM treatment shows considerable promise in cancer therapy by significantly boosting tumor suppressor activity (P53), triggering pro‐apoptotic signals (BAX), and regulating survival pathways (BCL‐2 and NF‐κB). The modified NCP@GEM medicine is a promising candidate as a substitute for the GEM drug in treating cancer cells.