article · Indonesian Journal of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science
Digital health transformation and the expansion of electronic health records have introduced critical challenges in healthcare data management, patient privacy, and security. Blockchain technology offers potential solutions through features such as decentralisation, immutability, smart contracts, and consensus mechanisms. A systematic review covering 56 publications published between 2016 and 2022 from five major scientific databases examines how blockchain has been explored across the sector. The findings indicate that researchers are employing blockchain to support patients and healthcare providers with clinical diagnosis and data processing while integrating multiple distinct healthcare entities. Overall, the reviewed literature demonstrates how blockchain applications seek to address key shortcomings in conventional healthcare systems, focusing specifically on strengthening access control, enabling secure data sharing, and protecting sensitive patient information.
Managing modern electronic health records often creates severe risks around patient privacy and data security. Understanding how blockchain can be applied to healthcare systems helps researchers and health organisations design better infrastructures that safely exchange information between patients, clinicians, and external providers without compromising sensitive medical records.
The work reviews applications aimed at healthcare providers, patients, and multi-entity health networks seeking secure electronic health record management, clinical diagnosis support, and access control. Because this is a systematic literature survey covering early research from 2016 to 2022, it remains at the conceptual and review stage rather than representing a tested or near-market commercial product.
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Blockchain has attracted a lot of interest since its publication because to its unique characteristics of immutability, decentralization, smart contract, and consensus mechanism. Today’s healthcare systems are facing many issues in the era of digital health transformation and the growth of electronic health records. Blockchain has the potential to provide solutions to a variety of electronic health record (EHR)-related challenges, including data management, security, data sharing and patient privacy. This paper represents a blockchain-based healthcare industry survey; it includes many research publications in high-ranking scientific journals in recent years from 2016 to 2022. We adopt the preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses (PRISMA) approach and aspects. This work is based on five databases: Elsevier, Springer, IEEE Xplore, PubMed and MDPI. The number of studies included in this study was 56. We found that researchers attempted to use blockchain technology to assist patients and healthcare providers in diagnosis and data processing, as well as including multiple entities. Our study discusses the potential of blockchain technology, its roles and benefits in healthcare, aiming to solve several problems such as data management, data sharing, access control, data security and privacy, which are missed in the conventional healthcare system.
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DOI: 10.11591/ijeecs.v30.i3.pp1558-1571
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