review · Green Processing and Synthesis
Titanium dioxide nanoparticles have gained prominence among metal oxide nanomaterials due to their wide-ranging potential across nanomedicine and broader biomedical sectors. Traditional physical and chemical synthesis techniques typically require substantial energy consumption, incur high financial costs, and release hazardous pollutants into the environment. In contrast, biological synthesis utilising natural resources offers an environmentally friendly, dependable, and cost-effective alternative. Nanoparticles produced via green biosynthesis avoid toxic chemical contaminants, eliminate subsequent complex chemical processing steps, and demonstrate high stability. Additionally, these biological approaches allow for dependable control over particle shapes and sizes. As a result, substantial effort is being directed towards expanding bio-mediated synthesis techniques to support diverse therapeutic and healthcare applications.
Conventional methods for fabricating nanoparticles often rely on toxic reagents and energy-heavy processes that harm the environment. Adopting biological routes utilising natural resources enables a cleaner, cheaper, and safer manufacturing pathway. This creates high-quality, stable titanium dioxide nanoparticles with controlled dimensions, ensuring they are better suited for sensitive uses in medicine and healthcare.
The findings point to opportunities for nanomaterial manufacturers and biotechnology developers seeking cleaner, lower-cost production methods. These green routes could supply materials to biomedical firms developing nanomedicine products. Because the abstract describes a general review of synthesis methods and potential uses without citing specific production metrics or pilot validations, the technology appears to be at an early stage of research and development.
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Abstract Metal oxide nanoparticles (NPs) have found a variety of applications in numerous industrial, medical, and environmental fields s, attributable to recent advances in the nanotechnology field. Titanium dioxide nanoparticles (TiO 2 -NPs) have gained importance as metal oxide NPs due to their potential in various fields, particularly nanomedicine and other biomedicine fields. Several studies have confirmed that NPs produced via the biosynthesis route using natural resources have significant advantages such as fewer toxic contaminants, less subsequent complex chemical synthesis, environmental friendliness, cost-effectiveness, and stability when compared to NPs produced by conventional methods, and its production with controlled shapes and sizes. Therefore, considerable effort is being expended to implement biological synthesis methods with these proven advantages. TiO 2 -NPs can be made using a variety of biological, chemical, and physical methods. Physicochemical methods are costly, emit high levels of toxic chemicals into the atmosphere, and consume a lot of energy. On the other hand, the biological approach is an environmentally safe, cost-effective, dependable, convenient, and easy way to synthesize TiO 2 -NPs. In this review, the bio-mediated synthesis, as well as various biomedical applications of TiO 2 -NPs, were discussed.
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DOI: 10.1515/gps-2022-0005
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