review · Processes
Alternative energy options offer vital pathways for achieving a clean energy transition and lowering greenhouse gas emissions. Key renewable resources include hydro, geothermal, biomass, solar, and wind energy, which are developed and marketed to substitute conventional fossil fuels. Nonetheless, wider adoption faces notable constraints, particularly intermittency and high initial capital expenditure. In addition, nuclear energy is sometimes framed as a green power source because specific nuclear technologies yield substantially less waste than oil or coal. However, nuclear energy relies on uranium, which remains a finite fuel reserve. Ultimately, developing and integrating these green energy systems centres on meeting global power requirements sustainably. Achieving this depends on curbing waste generation and limiting the total carbon footprint linked to modern energy production.
Transitioning to clean energy is essential for reducing global greenhouse gas emissions and environmental waste. Understanding the trade-offs of various alternative power sources, including their operational reliability, resource limits, and economic hurdles, helps society balance environmental priorities against practical energy delivery needs.
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The present paper seeks to showcase the significant potential of alternative energy technologies in driving clean energy transition. Renewable energy sources, including hydro, geothermal, biomass, solar, and wind energy, are developed and marketed as low- or non-carbon alternatives to conventional energy sources. However, the high upfront costs of these energy resources, coupled with their intermittency, are demerits that must be dealt with. Since certain nuclear technologies generate significantly less waste than coal and oil, nuclear energy is occasionally regarded as a green energy source, though the primary source of nuclear energy, namely uranium, is a finite resource. The main goal of developing green energy technologies is to provide energy in a sustainable manner while cutting down on waste and greenhouse gas emissions, thus reducing the overall carbon footprint of energy production.
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DOI: 10.3390/pr13010069
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