A Comprehensive Review of Advanced Control Strategies of Adaptive Cruise Control System in Electric Vehicles

Abstract

Electric vehicles (EVs) represent a highly promising solution for our environment by reducing greenhouse gas emissions. Furthermore, they offer the potential to decrease accident rates through ADAS (Advanced Driver Assistance Systems). These systems enhance driver comfort, ensure safety, and optimize the range of electric vehicles by utilizing adaptive cruise control (ACC) systems. Speed regulation in EVs relies on a dual-loop architecture: the first loop, controlled by the ACC, generates a speed reference based on the current speed and calculated distance, while the second loop adjusts the speed of the electric motor to ensure smooth and optimal driving. This article provides an in-depth review of research into control techniques applied to ACC systems in electric vehicles. It analyzes conventional and advanced approaches, highlighting their advantages and limitations. Finally, it identifies the main challenges ahead and suggests avenues of research for the future development of these technologies.