article · Journal of Clinical Medicine Research
CCA has a desmoplastic microenvironment with complex immunologic topography and tumor-reactive stroma. The immune landscape of the peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) in CCA patients before treatment could reflect the state of systemic immune function and response to treatments. Our results revealed that T-lymphocytes correlated with better prognosis while macrophages and PD-1<sup>+</sup> expression were associated with poor outcomes.
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DOI: 10.14740/jocmr5201
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