A Case Study On Solar Automobiles Considering a Time Dependent Variable On Casson Tetra Hybrid Nanofluids Flow Under the Influence of a Magnetic Field and Thermal Radiation

Abstract

This study examines the properties of tetra hybrid nanofluids (HNF 4 ) using the Blasius Rayleigh- Stokes time-dependent variable model to aid solar automobile engineers. It explores the behavior of hybrid nanofluids under various conditions, focusing on the effects of variable viscosity and thermal conductivity. Copper (Cu), Zirconium dioxide (ZrO2), Aluminium Oxide (Al2O3), and Iron Oxide (Fe3O4) nanoparticles are studied with ethylene glycol (EG) as the base fluid. The governing PDEs were transformed into non- dimensional equations, resulting in a set of coupled nonlinear ODEs, solved numerically using Homotopy Analysis Methods (HAM). Results indicate that HNF 4 exhibit enhanced velocity and improved thermal conductivity and stability compared to ternary hybrid nanofliuds (HNF 3 ), due to the presence of magnetite nanoparticles. These findings are significant for designing efficient and sustainable solar aeronautic systems, emphasizing the importance of considering variable properties in their development.