127 Antibacterial Activity of Organic Compounds Extracted from Alpinia oxyphylla Leaves against Multidrug Resistant Bacteria Isolated from Patients with Urinary Tract Infections (UTI)

Abstract

Abstract Introduction/Objective Urinary tract infections (UTIs) are among the most common infections worldwide with an estimated annual incidence of more than 150 million cases worldwide. The effectiveness of antibiotics in the treatment of UTI cannot be denied. However, resistance has been reported over the years and also some adverse side effects such as damage in intestinal micro floral. Multi-drug resistance bacteria associated with UTI have long been a problem in hospitals and other healthcare facilities where patients are routinely exposed to bacterial pathogens and antibiotics. The purpose of this study was to determine the organic compounds extracted from the leaves of Alpinia oxyphylla antibacterial activity against multidrug-resistant Escherichia coli, Klebsiella aerogenes, Staphylococcus aureus, Proteus vulgaris isolated from patients. Methods/Case Report A total of forty one (n = 41) urine sample of patients was collected from Federal Teaching Hospital, Ido-Ekiti, Nigeria. Consent was gotten from patients suspected of UTIs before collection of blood samples. Patients were orally taught on how to provide an adequate midstream urine sample and clean-catch midstream urine was collected from them. The samples were collected in clean sample bottles and refrigerated at 4 °C. Cystine Lactose Electrolyte Deficient (CLED) agar were used for urinary culture. A loopful of the sample was streaked on the agar plates and incubated in ambient air at 35 ± 2 °C for 18 to 24hours. Plates with colony counts of ≥ 105 CFU/mL were considered significant and reported as positive for UTI. Then the colonies were sub-cultured on Mac-Conkey agar and 5% sheep blood agar, it were further identified using Gram staining and biochemical tests; catalase, indole, citrate and oxidase. Antibiotics susceptibility testing (AST) was conducted with commercially prepared antibiotic disks while antibiogram was performed for all isolates using the disk diffusion method and the results were interpreted using the criteria of the Clinical Laboratory Standard Interpretation (CLSI). Results The results shows that the bacteria were highly resistant to the commonly prescribed antibiotics. Analysis shows that 13(76.47%) of the E.coli showed multi-drug resistance (MDR), however 10(76.92%) and 9(69.23%) of the MDR E.coli were highly susceptible to nootkatone and chrysin respectively at the concentration of 30µg. 100% of Klebsiella aerogenes shows multi-drug resistance meanwhile they showed the highest susceptibility to chrysin and nootkatone with values 5(71.43%) and 4(57.14%) respectively. 4(66.67%) of S. aureus showed MDR, however 4(66.67%) of them were also susceptible to chrysin and nootkatone while 5(83.33%) of P. vulgaris showed MDR and 100% susceptibility to nootkatone and chrysin at 30µg concentration. Nootkatone and chrysin shows a high susceptibility to the MDR bacteria isolated from patients with UTI. Conclusion The results shows that Alpinia oxyphylla leaves are a potential alternative therapeutic source for the treatment of antibiotic-resistant urinary tract infections while the leaves contain several organic compounds especially nootkatone and chrysin which are highly effective against multi-drug resistance bacteria isolated from patients with UTI. This can be potential sources to combat the increasing menace of MDR bacteria associated with UTI.